Catastrophic Injury
Catastrophic injuries are life-changing events that result in permanent disability and, in some cases, death. The lasting consequences of a catastrophic injury profoundly affect the victim, as well as the spouses, partners, dependents, caregivers, close friends, and relatives. The needs of the victim after a catastrophic injury may include the following
- Repeated hospitalization and surgeries
- Purchase of assistive devices, such as wheelchairs or handicapped-accessible systems
- Treatment for chronic pain
- Counseling for depression
An extended period of disability may also result in a loss of income at a time when medical bills are mounting. Given the immense physical, emotional, and financial toll exacted by catastrophic injuries, it is in the best interest of victims and their families to seek professional legal assistance.
What is a Catastrophic Injury?
There are various medical, as well as legal definitions for catastrophic injury. California Labor Code refers to a catastrophic injury as including, but not limited to, loss of a limb, paralysis, severe burns, or a severe head injury. Other catastrophic injuries include damage to internal organs and permanent loss of vision or hearing. Sexual abuse may also be considered a catastrophic injury as it can result in long-term health effects, including severe anxiety, substance abuse, depression, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), self-injury, and suicide.
For persons with catastrophic injuries, the road to recovery will be long and difficult. Their pain and disability may be permanent, requiring lifelong care and expensive treatment. The lasting effects of five common catastrophic injuries include the following:
- Traumatic brain injury:Severe trauma to the brain can result in decreased cognitive function, changes in behavior or personality, loss of motor skills, language difficulties, memory loss, or even death.
- Spinal cord injury:Damage to the spine can cause partial or total paralysis that may never heal and may leave victims dependent on machines to breathe.
- Amputation:Serious accidents may result in loss of limb, either at the scene or later due to tissue damage; victims may suffer from serious pain and infections and will need rehabilitation.
- Burns:Second or third-degree burns can cause severe tissue and nerve damage and may lead to infection, leaving victims with lifelong pain and disfigurement.
- Internal injuries:Injury to organs, such as the liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, or intestines can cause internal bleeding and may require multiple surgeries to repair.
In addition, trauma to the eyes, ears, or brain can result in partial or total loss of one of the senses, which can make life challenging for the victim.
Secondary Conditions
Secondary conditions may also develop because of the primary catastrophic injury. These conditions may include the following:
- Digestive and gastrointestinal problems
- Heart problems due to lack of circulation
- Pneumonia
- Depression, anxiety, and mood disorders
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Specific secondary conditions that may arise due to paralysis from spinal cord injuries include the following:
- Autonomic dysreflexia, a rapid rise in blood pressure, which is potentially fatal
- Bladder and bowel problems, including urinary tract infections
- Muscle spasms and stiffness
- Sepsis
Family members may also suffer fatigue and emotional distress due to the burdens of acting as caregivers and handling the ongoing disruption of normal daily life.
What are Common Causes of Catastrophic Injuries?
There are many ways a catastrophic injury can occur, including the following:
- Assault
- Birth injury
- Car or motorcycle accident
- Construction accidents
- Defective products
- Exposure to hazardous materials
- Medical malpractice
- Pedestrian accidents
- Prescription errors
- Public transportation accidents
- Slip and fall accidents
- Sports or recreational accidents
- Truck accidents
The leading causes of catastrophic injuries are vehicular accidents, workplace accidents, and violent incidents, including those involving firearms.









